Estudo das relações anatômicas e suas variações entre o nervo ciático e o músculo piriforme / Study on anatomical relationships and variations between the sciatic nerve and piriform muscle

CONTEXTO: A síndrome do músculo piriforme pode ter como causa a passagem anormal do nervo ciático ou de uma de suas partes pelo ventre do músculo piriforme. OBJETIVO: Analisar as relações anatômicas e métricas entre o músculo piriforme e o nervo ciático, contribuindo com o conhecimento anátomo-clínico da região glútea. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 20 cadáveres adultos de ambos os sexos. O nervo ciático e o músculo piriforme foram dissecados, medidos e fotodocumentados. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que 85 por cento das 40 regiões glúteas apresentaram o nervo como tronco único, passando pela borda inferior do músculo piriforme, e 15 por cento mostraram uma variação bilateral, caracterizada pela passagem do nervo fibular comum através do músculo piriforme. Os dados obtidos não revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes.

CONTEXT: Piriform muscle syndrome can be caused by abnormal passage of the sciatic nerve or one of its parts through the belly of the piriform muscle. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the anatomical and measurement relationships between the piriform muscle and the sciatic nerve in order to contribute towards better anatomoclinical understanding of the gluteal region. METHOD: Twenty adult cadavers of both sexes were used. The sciatic nerve and piriform muscle were dissected, measured and photodocumented. RESULTS: The sciatic nerve was seen to be a single trunk passing through the lower margin of the piriform muscle in 85 percent of the 40 gluteal regions, and 15 percent showed bilateral variation characterized by the passage of the common fibular nerve through the piriform muscle. The data obtained did not show any statistically significant differences.

Estudo anatomico e morfometrico do tendao do musculo subescapular: subsidios para a anatomia palpatoria do ombro / Anatomical and morphometric study of the subscapularis tendon: backing for palpatory anatomy of thr shoulder

As afeccoes do manguito rotador limitam o movimento humano e a avaliacao apropriada de suas estruturas e importante para o diagnostico e a reabilitacao dos individuos. No entanto, sao escassos os estudos morfometricos que fornecem detalhes sobre a localizacao topografica dessas estruturas. Objetivo: o presente estudo identificou a localizacao anatomica do tendao subescapular, um componente anterior do manguito rotador, em 3 posicoes usualmente utilizadas durante a palpacao para a avaliacao clinica: neutra, com o membro superior aduzido ao lado do torax (PN), antebraco fletido atras das costas (PAC) e antebraco fletido sobre o abdome (PAB). Metodo: foram dissecados 13 ombros de cadaveres adultos, de ambos os sexos. Nas posicoes adotadas foram mensuradas as distancias entre o tuberculo menor e o processo coracoide, assim como entre o tuberculo menor e o acromio. Resultados: as distencias do tuberculo menor ao processo coracoide nas posicoes PN, PAc, e PAB foram: 2,29 +-0,62 cm, 1,71+-0,52 cm, 1,27+-0,23 cm, respectivamente, com diferenca nas distancias da PN em relacao a PAC (p=0,01) e PAB (p=0,0001). As distancias do tuberculo menor ao acromio nas posicoes PN, PAC e PAB foram: 3,95+-0,59 cm, 4,96+-0,27 cm, e 4,04+-0,50 cm, respectivamente, com diferenca entre PN e PAC (p=0,0001) e entre PAC e PAB (p=0,0002). Foi identificada fusao do tendao do subescapular co o do supra-espinal e com a capsula articular. Algumas fibras tendinosas do musculo subescapular alcancam o ligamento transverso do umero. Conclusoes: Os resultados deste estudo mostram que a maior exposicao do tendao do subescapular ocorre na posicao neutra

Morphology of the vas deferens of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus).

A morphological study of the budgerigar vas deferens was conducted to demonstrate the electron-microscopic features of its epithelial lining. The analysis showed that the vas deferens of the budgerigar was found to be of a tubular and serpentine structure, continuous with the epididymal region and lined with stereo ciliated pseudostratified epithelium, which contained folds projecting into the tubular lumen and a characteristic brush border. The epithelium consists of ciliated and non-ciliated cells with different electron densities. Ciliated cells were characterized by two morphologically distinct configurations: some cells were columnar and other ciliated cells were longer, thinner and dark. Non-ciliated cells showed apical cytoplasmic expansions, which projected into the tubular lumen as protrusions.

Morphologic study of the efferent ductules of the pigeon (Columba livia).

The efferent ductules of the pigeon are localized in the epididymal region and are topographically divided into proximal and distal, both portions being lined with stereociliated pseudostratified epithelium. Transmission electron microscopy shows five distinct cell types: light, dark, and angular non-ciliated cells with possible apocrine secretory role cells and halo cells, possibly intraepithelial leucocytes. The proximal efferent ductules have the widest diameter among all ductules in the epididymal region.

[Ultrastructure of the boundary tissue of the extratesticular rete and efferent ductules in the cat (Felis domestica, L.)]. / Ultra-estrutura do tecido circundante da rede extratesticular e dos dúctulos eferentes no gato (Felis domestica, L.).

In the cat the boundary tissue of the extratesticular rete testis and efferent ductules is formed by lamellar and fibrillar collagen and elongated contractile cells. These cells are mainly represented by smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts.

Ultrastructure of the rete testis in the cat (Felis domestica, L.).

The rete testis (RT) in the cat comprises three distinct and sequential parts: septal or adlobular; mediastinal and tunical parts. This last part is followed by the small extratesticular rete testis. The whole of the RT tubules and/or channels is lined by single low columnar and/or cuboidal epithelium with ultrastructural peculiarities of secretory and absorptive functions. The Golgi apparatus polarity (cis-trans surfaces), its relation with the long profiles of the ER, mainly with the rough ER, and presence of apical uncoated electrodense granules are suggestive of active release of macromolecules, probably glycoproteins. The absorptive function is proposed through the observation of a conspicuous microvacuolar-vesicular apical complex in epithelial cells. Moreover spermatozoa phagocytosis is also noticed, mainly in the septal part of the RT.

[Structure of the rete testis of the cat (Felis domestica, L)]. / Struktur des Hodennetzes der Katze (Felis domestica, L.).

The rete testis of the cat consists of 3 parts: a septal or interlobular part; a mediastinal part and a tunical part. The septal part contains the septal or transitory tubuli recti and the tubuli recti. The transitory tubules are formed as a confluence of the seminiferous tubules at the apex of the testicular lobules and the tubuli recti. The mediastinal rete is formed of long, straight channels which increase in size and become more irregular and anastomotic below the tunica albuginea at the cranial extremity of the testis. The end is characterized as the tunical part of the rete testis and communicates with the extratesticular rete testis. The channels all parts of the rete are lined by simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium. These epithelial channels are supported by a connective tissue containing smooth muscle cells. The framework tissue of the rete is more conspicuous at the cranial extremity of the testis, with a mio-connective matrix organization.

[Histochemical and structural characteristics of the testis of the vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus rotundus, Geoffrey, 1810)]. / Características histoquímicas e estruturais do testículo do morcego hematófago (Desmodus rotundus rotundus, Geoffrey, 1810).

The testicular stroma of the vampire bat including the testicular capsula and the lamina propria of the seminiferous tubuli, was strongly PAS-positive. This observation was a possible indication of great amounts of structural glycogen and other glycoconjugates at the level of smooth muscle cells; elongated contractile cells and/or collagen frameworks of the tunica albuginea and tubular lamina propria. In the last the basement membranes of the seminiferous tubules were particularly strongly PAS positive, as an indication of their neutral mucosubstances structural composition, previously described (Malmi et al., 1987). The epithelium lining from the cavitary and surface rete testis complex showed low reactivities to mucosubstances; total proteins and lipids and oxidative enzymes studied. Although the apical granulation at the rete testis epithelium showed an intense PAS reactivity with hypothesis of glycoprotein secretion, through the rete. The PAS, Sudan Black B, NADH, MDH and LDH reactions of the testicular interstitium seem correlate to steroid metabolism (biosynthesis and secretion), at the Leydig cells level. The seminiferous epithelium generally had low reactions to all the histochemical studies realized. Particularly in the adbasal compartment the histochemical localizations of NADH diaphorase and LDH were possible related to glycolytic activities and general carbohydrates metabolism, both enzymes, and hydrogen transport, the NADH. The strong PAS, diastase and PAS, and alcian blue pH 2.5 and PAS reactions observed in the adluminal seminiferous epithelium compartment were directly related to the spermatids acrosomal glycoconjugates structuration. Also the SDH localization at this level seems to be related to the mitochondrial activities at the middle piece level in the late spermatids.

[Morphological study of the heart of Electrophorus electricus]. / L'étude morphologique du coeur du "poraquê" (Electrophorus electricus).

Hearts of 7 Electrophorus electricus have been investigated on macroscopical and microscopical levels. Generally, the structure of the heart exhibits relative similarities with the other studied teleosts. The ventricular myocardium is mainly spongy and suggests that these structural features can offer an additional contraction power.

[The morphological study of the respiratory organ of Electrophorus electricus]. / Contribution à l'étude morphologique de l'organe respiratoire de l'Electrophorus electricus.

The respiratory organ of Electrophorus electricus is located in the oral cavity and is formed by papillar structures. The papilla consists basically of a cartilaginous central nucleus and is bounded by a connective layer. The results reveal structural adaptations for the respiration among fishes which have efficient respiratory circulation related with the venous blood.

Estrutura da prostata da cobaia (Cavia porcellus, L): reexame da histologia do complexo secretorio. / Structure of the prostate of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus, L): histological reexamination of the secretory complex

No presente trabalho e descrita a morfologia da prostata da cobaia ao nivel do microscopio optico. Observou-se que esta glandula possui dois lobos: dorsal maior e ventral menor, localizada nos paquimeros correpondentes. A estrutura glandular e mucosa havendo predominio da configuracao tubular e alveolar no lobo dorsal. O epitelio secretor esta formado por celulas basais e principais no lobo ventral. Aparentemente, nao se observam celulas basais no lobo dorsal, no qual se obervaram tambem linfocitos intra-epiteliais. A secrecao celular e clara, hialina e tem como caracteristicas: eosinofilia e PAS-positividade